Abstract: Constructed wetland-microbial fuel cell (CW-MFC) is a new technology coupling constructed wetland (CW) and bioelectrochemical system. In addition to retaining the advantages of CW in water treatment, it can enhance the removal of complex pollutants by enriching the electrochemical functional flora of the system. In recent years, some progress has been made in treating antibiotic wastewater by CW-MFC at home and abroad, but there is no systematic summary of its effectiveness and mechanism. Firstly, the removal effect of sulfonamides, tetracyclines and quinolones by CW-MFC and its main influencing factors were summarized. Secondly, the functions and mechanisms in the process of antibiotic removal were analyzed from four aspects: microorganism, electrochemical action, stuffing and plant. The results showed that the removal efficiency of CW-MFC for sulfonamides, tetracyclines and quinolones antibiotics could reach up to 80%. Antibiotics could be synergistically removed in CW-MFC by various mechanisms such as adsorption and retention of stuffing, uptake by plant roots and microbial electrochemistry. Ciprofloxacin removal was dominated by filler adsorption, whereas sulfonamides and tetracyclines antibiotics could be more susceptible to microbial degradation. In summary, CW-MFC can be widely applied in treating antibiotic wastewater, especially in the remediation of antibiotic-contaminated surface waters. However, the system still faces the risk of resistance gene transmission when treating antibiotics.